The Knowledge, the boiling Sun, the Sacred Goat, the Day and much more, all in one Zeus

14 Prill 2008

Shkrimi gjendet tek zeus10.webs.com  per nje lexim me te mire.

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The Gods who teach their laws reciting.

8 Prill 2008

zeus10.webs.com(per nje lexim me te mire)

The confusion created in certain terminology especially those used in theology and religion is leading the linguists  in the wrong direction sometime. One of them is the word GOD.

God our Saviours(nr 198)

What about ancient Greeks?

 Sotër (“”””Greek””” σωτήρ initial capitalised, Σωτήρ fully capitalised, ΣΩΤΗΡ = saviour) may be used as:

   as a title of God: Poseidon Soter

   any heroized leaders of Hellenistic dynasties, see hero cult

  as a title of liberators : Ptolemy I Soter Antiochus I Soter Demetrius I Soter Menander

   a title of Jesus, most particularly in the Pope Soter  

Therefore the word sotër(zotër) in Ancient Greek , doesn’t mean only simply saviour. It means God, Deity, Lord, King etc 

What about the Albanian?

God		zot {m} (shumës zotër), perëndi {f} (shumës perëndi)

 What a huge coincidence!!! 

Therefore in Albanian it means exactly the same thing/s like the Ancient Greek, with only the difference that it is used Z instead of S, which doesn’t make a mayor difference of course since those are  equivalent consonants:

 The noun ZOT himself in Albanian derives from the verb zotëroj 

  Let look at the word GOD in the dictionary:

 How does the God is seen in the ancient times from the “”"”"”Greeks”"”"”"? The God has been seen as a instructor, counseler, a divine voice, a speaker of the divine counsel, of the Nature Laws. Who is the most ancient God of the Divine counsel?Her name was : 

  In “””Greek “”” mythology, Hesiod mentions Themis (Greek: Θέμις). Themis (meaning “law of nature” rather than “human ordinance”), she “of good counsel,” was the embodiment of divine order, law and custom In this role, she was the divine voice (themistes) who first instructed mankind in the primal laws of justice and morality, such as the precepts of piety, the rules of hospitality, good governance, conduct of assembly, and pious offerings to the gods.And these instructions/ counseles/ advises/ suggestions of course is given speaking, saying, reading. 

So the the God in Ancient ““Greek”” is seen as a teacher who teachs/says the rules to the humansHer instructions were SPOKEN,  by SPEECH, or SAYING 

English (4 entries.)

Shqip (4 hyrje.)(ALBANIAN)

say (p.t., p.p. said)

them (kr. thj., pj. thashë, thënë)

The verb inflection in Albanian is :

 I say- them                       we say– themiyou say – thua                      you say– thoni he/she says- thote            they say- thone And the participle becomes thënëIn other tenses the inflection is even more radical but always we can find the th in the steam usually followed by a, e, o, or u and then by m, t, or n or even s. This word  is the reason why the God in Ancient “Greek” is called Theos because he is somebody who talks/speaks/teachs to the human the laws of the nature. 

This word is the reason why the most ancient God of the Egyptians is called THOTI,

THOT the GOD of the Wisdom and Writing

  This verb in its participle is the reason that Athena ( Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnâ, or Ἀθήνη, Athḗnē) which is the correspondant God of the Wisdom

English (6 entries.)

Shqip (6 hyrje.)

say (p.t., p.p. said)

them (kr. thj., pj. thashë, thënë)

Athene the God of Wisdom , Philosophy  Speech

 as  Philosophy who was delivering to the humans her Wisdom and the LAWS of the Nature and Philosophy through her SPEECH:

English (3 entries.)

Shqip (3 hyrje.)

law (noun)

ligj{m}

 We also have the word λογος (logos) which means “word”. In Greek philosophy, the Logos was the “rational principle”(LAWS) responsible for order in the Universe.

Ἀthēnâ literatelly means PATHENA= Not said (would be explained another time)

The Nature Laws in antiquity were proclaimed said or red  from the Gods/Prophets in their speechs/readings. 

Which in Albanian has survived in the word:

English (2 entries.)

Shqip (2 hyrje.)

read (p.t., p.p. read)

lexoj (kr. thj., pj. lexova, lexuar)

 Of course some people who still believe that the Modern Greeks are the descendents of the Ancient ones would pretend that these are coincidences. Some other would pretend that those above must be related with the similarities within the IE languages.The confusion, the ‘fog’ created from Byzantine Orthodoxy and its numerosly artificially elaborated language: the Modern Greek, based only on some scholastic concepts(reflected in the language also), ‘covered’ by ‘divine mystery’ is temporary. Even the diabolic artificial incorporation of the Ancient Greek words in the body of the Modern Greek language has not ‘escaped’ not seen from the public attention. The truth prevails after all always.    

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THE FATHERS CALL FOR THE TRUTH

4 Prill 2008

The people are interested to know the etymology of the words sometime, or anytime if you are a person who likes languges and history. So it’s natural to open an Etimology Dictionary(usually to take the wrong information). So did we, interested for the word ethnic, we opened the ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY 

ethno- comb. form of Gk. ethnos “people, nation, class” (see ethnic), used to form modern compounds such as ethnology (1842, by J.S. Mill) and ethnocentric, 1900, which was a technical term in social sciences until it began to be more widely used in the second half of the 20th century.  

A little bit surprised, because we found nowhere an  etymological explanation of the word ethnos(which we already know what it means, just asked for etymology) we continued our search. So far so good ,

ethnic c.1375, from Scottish, “heathen, pagan,” and having that sense first in Eng., from Gk. ta ethne, used in Septuagint translation to render Heb. goyim, pl. of goy “nation,” especially of non-Israelites, hence “Gentile nation.” Ta ethne is from Gk. ethnos “band of people living together, nation, people,” prop. “people of one’s own kind,” from PIE *swedh-no-, suffixed form of base *s(w)e- (see idiom). Sense of “peculiar to a race or nation” is 1851, return to the word’s original meaning; that of “different cultural groups” is 1935; and that of “racial, cultural or national minority group” is Amer.Eng. 1945. Ethnicity is from 1953; ethnic cleansing is from 1991.  

At this point we are stunned. Ethnos – according to the “proffesional linguists”-derives from PIE *swedh-no-, suffixed form of base *s(w)e. This ridiculous explanation, like the most of them in the Etymology WORLD (especially those related with “Greek” origin) made us making a research for the origin of the word ethnos or ta ethne . 

We all know that historically all the ethnic groups, all the nations, all the tribes have a common predecessor  or a common father. Since the word ethne comes from Ancient “Greek” World(or better saying Pelasgian) we will show some examples from them. 

The tribe of HERACLIDES was called so because of Heracles(Hercules) their FATHER.

The tribe of AECIDES was called this way because of Aecus(of Aegina) their father, their founder

The tribe of DORIANS was called this form because of Dorus, their founder and predecessor. 

The example are infinite, and we all know that in most of IE tribes the importance of the FATHER in creating the ethnic group, the tribe, the race, the nation. The father, is at the same time the LIDER and the GENETIC creator. Biologocially his sperm is the GENETIC code, descended in all following generations.

Since we are speaking for the Ancient “Greeks”, lets have a look to the Ancient Greek-English Dictionary to confirm what we said above:

  It is obvious that the english words race, tribe, nation correspond to the “Greek” words genos, ethnos, sperma. The last one denotes the biologic relation betwen  the male, or the father founder and the tribe. Let see now how do the Europians today pronounce FATHER in their respective languages:

Atë(alb)

πατέρας(new greek)

father(eng)

отец(Russian)

Padre(ital)

Vater(german)

vader(dutch)

pater(mycenian)

padre(Spanish) 

It is very understandable that the ROOT of this word for all the Europian languages is AT(e). In some of them we have a transformation from t –d, but this is very normal since d is the voiced corespondent of the voiceless consonant t.

Also, another small difference from language to language is the using of o instead of a in some of them. The truth is that in all of them is used  

 instead of 

Even within Albanian language we have ɔt(gheg) or ât or at(tosk) those two vowels are used te replace each –other in the two main dialects 

  The Albanian atë is to close to the primitive IE root AT not saying it is evetually the same. 

English (4 entries.)	Shqip (4 hyrje.)
father	atë {m}, babë {f}, baba {m}
father’s name	atësi {f} (shumës atësia)

 The word at in Albanian derives from the interjection ta-ta ~ tat at of the child babble and easily can be considered onomatopeic. The same story is with the preffix pa which is viewed on some of the IE languages beginning including Ancient Greek:  

 The greek word is patër and includes the pa as well. Like we said above it is the child’s babble pa-pa-pa, which determines the ‘birth’ of the word  father. Now let see how does the plural of AT is in Albanian 

 We explained above that nation or ethnos or patër (anc. Greek) is the people who are descended from a common father, or better saying common FATHERS, which appears almost the same with the Albanian word etën with the only difference that we have  e/ë instead of h. Now let explain why does occur this “”difference””.

In the old Attic alphabet Η or heta represented the h-sound. In the Ionic alphabet, the same symbol represented a vowel, eta, because the Ionic dialect had lost aspirations and had no need for heta. When the Ionic alphabet was adopted in Athens (2nd half of the 5th cent. B.C.E.), the h-sound was no longer represented in writing. 

After this explanation is obvious that the “””greek””” word ethn(ΕΘΝ-ΟΣ) is eventually the Albanian word etën which  completely describes what ethnos means and why in albanian the homeland is called ATDHE which means AT(father) + DHE(land), The land of the father/fathers.Inside the venes of Ancient Greeks flow the Albanian blood, the ethnos of the Helenes who spoke eventually the Pelasgian language are the Albanians today. The amnesia(Ἀμνησία~a-menja-zi(alb)-eshte mendja keq) is slowly fading out because the Fathers are calling from antiquity: Dont forget the history.   

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Transformimi i mbishkrimeve ne Korpusin Grek te Epigrafise.

26 Mars 2008

Mbishkrimi i gjetur ne Apoloni i perket shek. te 3-para krishtit. I shkruajtur ne germa “”greke”" dhe “”romake”" .

Le te shohim si eshte regjistruar ai nga “”profesionistet”" e arkeologjise dhe linguistikes.

 Searchable Greek Inscriptions

A Scholarly Tool in Progress

The Packard Humanities Institute

Project Centers

Cornell University

Ohio State University

Project History

It is out any doubt not SIMIA LEKISKOI but FIMIA XIYNEPON(FIMIA HYJNERON)= The child deifies

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THE TROJAN WAR AND THE “PURITY” OF A FAMOUS RACE.

19 Mars 2008

Our modern understanding of “nationality” is a complex one and it is no room to be applied on the people of antiquity. However we will follow a simple rule: Every person is borned with a nationality. This rule also is valid for the people who in Classical Era were called Hellenes. We will start right here, Classical Era. It has been widely accepted that the classical Hellenes were not an uniform body of people, many nationalities were included within the “nation” called Helenes.

Among other many nationalities it has been two mayor distinct groups:

1. Pelasgians(which were not proper Hellenes), a pre-Hellenic people which include:

a.    Ionians

b.    Athenians

c.     Aeolians

d.    Islanders 

2. Helenes

a.   Dorians  

The Dorians (Spartans-Lacademonians) have been always considered alien people by Athenians-Ionians-Achaeans, even during classical or Hellenistic period. 

Thukydides 1.102

“The Lakedaimonians… afraid of the Athenians, and regarding them even as A NON-RELATED RACE… They were considered such foreigners, that they were not even allowed to put step inside the temples of the Pelasgians(““Helenic temples””) Gods in Athene and Ionia. 

Herodotus Book 1: Clio“Lacedemonian stranger, go back and enter not into the temple, for it is not lawful for Dorians to pass in hither.” He said: “Woman, I am not a Dorian, but an Achaian.” So then, paying no attention to the ominous speech, he made his attempt and then was expelled again with the Lacedemonians;    

1. Let’s have a look at the pelasgians first 

Herodotus, Polymnia Book 9

a. The Ionians furnished a hundred ships, and were armed like the Greeks. Now these Ionians, during the time that they dwelt in the Peloponnese and inhabited the land now called Achaea (which wasbefore the arrival of Danaus and Xuthus in the Peloponnese), were called, according to the Greek account, Aegialean Pelasgi, ; but afterwards, from Ion the son of Xuthus, they were called Ionians. 

Herodotus Urania 8 pg 9

b. The Athenians, when the region which is now called Greece was held by the Pelasgi, were Pelasgians, and bore the name of Cranaans; but under their king Cecrops, they were called Cecropidae. 

Herodotus, Polymnia Book 9

c. The Aeolians furnished sixty ships, and were equipped in the Grecian fashion. They too were anciently called Pelasgians, as the Greeks declare. 

Herodotus, Polymnia Book 9

d. The Islanders furnished seventeen ships, and wore arms like the Greeks. They too were a Pelasgian race, who in later times took the, name of Ionians for the same reason me reason as those who inhabited the twelve cities founded from Athens.  

2. Lets look at the Helenes

Herodotus, Clio Book 1

Under the authority of Herodotus, its obvious, that among all those people who inhabited “Hellas”, only the Dorians were originally Hellenes, and the others were not.  

So, everything happening in Hellas before Dorian invasion, must not be attributed to Hellenes but to another race: THE PELASGIANS.

The Hellenes must not enjoy the historical credit which belong to Pelasgians.

Now lets see when did happen the Dorian invasion, which is in right thought the arrival of Helenes. 

PAUSANIAS, Description of Greece 4.3.1
After the conclusion of the Trojan war and the death of Nestor after his return home, the Dorian expedition and return of the Heracleidae, which took place two generations later, drove the descendants of Nestor from Messenia. This has already formed a part of my account of Tisamenus.  

So the arrival of proper HELENES(Greeks=Dorians) happened two generations later the TROJAN WAR. In right thought, it has been no Helenes participating the Trojan WAR.
 After this ’shocking’ statement, rightly we should ask:Who has been fighting against the Troians?Its obvious that there it has been the Pelasgians who raised the big expedition against the Troians, under the command of Agamemnon. And the confirmation for that comes from Homerus himself, commented by the famous Athenian writter Thucydites when he speaks about the name of Hellenes:

 THUCYDITES/History of the Peloponnesian War Book I

Before the Trojan war there is no indication of any common action in Hellas, nor indeed of the universal prevalence of the name; on the contrary, before the time of Helen, son of Deucalion, no such appellation existed, but the country went by the names of the different tribes, in particular of the Pelasgian. It was not till Hellen and his sons grew strong in Phthiotis, and were invited as allies into the other cities, that one by one they gradually acquired from the connection the name of Hellenes; though a long time elapsed before that name could fasten itself upon all. The best proof of this is furnished by Homer. Born long after the Trojan War, he nowhere calls all of them by that name, nor indeed any of them except the followers of Achilles from Phthiotis, who were the original Hellenes: in his poems they are called Danaans, Argives, and Achaeans. He does not even use the term barbarian, probably because the Hellenes had not yet been marked off from the rest of the world by one distinctive appellation.  

What are Danaans, Argives, and Achaeans?

These are the same Pelasgians people, originated from the king Dannaus, who came from Egypt and was the brother of Aegyptus. He expelled the Ionians(Herodotus Polymnia Book 9) who were the original Pelasgians, from their native land ACHAIA. He was ruling over the land called Aachia and Argolide, and his capital city was Argos and/or Mycene. 

The Pelasgians of Egypt differ somehow from the Pelasgians of Greece (Ionians) who are the original Pelasgians and their original home was the coast of IONIAN Sea which includes also Peloponnesus .

The Ionians got their name from the Ionian Sea, which in Albanian is DETI JONE and includes the following gulfs:

• Strait of Messina, W
• Gulf of Taranto, NW
• Ambracian Gulf, E
• Gulf of Patras, connecting the
• Gulf of Corinth, ESE
• Cyparissian Gulf, SE
• Messenian Gulf, SE
• Laconian Gulf, ESE

Herodotus, Polymnia IX-94….

 Now these Ionians, during the time that they dwelt in the Peloponnese and inhabited the land now called Achaea (which wasbefore the arrival of Danaus and Xuthus in the Peloponnese), were called, according to the Greek account, Aegialean Pelasgi, or “Pelasgi of the Sea-shore”; but afterwards, from Ion the son of Xuthus, they were called Ionians.

94. [1] Ἴωνες δὲ ἑκατὸν νέας παρείχοντο ἐσκευασμένοι ὡς Ἕλληνες. Ἴωνες δὲ ὅσον μὲν χρόνον ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ οἴκεον τὴν νῦν καλεομένην Ἀχαιίην, καὶ πρὶν ἢ Δαναόν τε καὶ Ξοῦθον ἀπικέσθαι ἐς Πελοπόννησον, ὡς Ἕλληνες λέγουσι, ἐκαλέοντο Πελασγοὶ Αἰγιαλέες, ἐπὶ δὲ Ἴωνος τοῦ Ξούθου Ἴωνες.

The Etymology

Deti Jon (Greek Ιóνιo Πέλαγoς, Italian Mar Ionio)

 In Albanian Deti JONE means OUR SEA

Argives are the citizens of Argos who changed the name to Dannaoi according to an order given from Dannaus, their king:  STRABO 008.006.009The acropolis of the Argives is said to have been founded by Danaüs, who is reputed to have surpassed so much those who reigned in this region before him that, according to Euripides,”throughout Greece he laid down a law that all people hitherto named Pelasgians should be called Danaans.“ {358}   

 What are the Hellenes mentioned by Homer then? 

Homer, The Iliad 2.681
“Now all those who dwelt about Pelasgian Argos, those who lived by Alos and Alope and at Trakhis, thos who held Phthia and Hellas the land of fair women, who were called Myrmidones and Hellenes and Akhaians, of all these and their fifty ships the lord was Achilleus.”

 These Hellenes are just a very small Pelasgian tribe who joined the Myrmidons of Achiles in the expedition against Troy. 

What are the Myrmidons(milmigones) of Achilles?

They are the inhabitant of the small island Aegina and according the myth they were converted from ants to humans by Zeus himself. 

STRABO 008.006.016  It is said that the Aeginetans were called Myrmidons,–not as the myth has it, because, when a great famine occurred, the ants {385} became human beings in answer to a prayer of Aeacus, but because they excavated the earth after the manner of ants and spread the soil over the rocks, so as to have ground to till, and because they lived in the dugouts, refraining from the use of soil for bricks. 

Aeacus was the father of Pelleus and Tellamon who were respectively the fathers of legendary heroes Achiles and Aiax. So Achiles was not originally from Thessaly (like wrongly is beleived or propaganded) but from a small island AEGINA, beside Peloponessus.   

Now let’s return back to Hellenes again. What did happen to them? What was their original nationality?We already explained that only the Dorians which in mythology took the name from Dorus(“son” of Helenus) are the proper Helenes. However , the truth is that before invading Pelasgia(Greece) their king was Aegimus (pronounced AGIM-us which in albanian means sunrise) 

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
sunrise	agim {m}

  He had three sons Ὑλλυς, Παμφύλυς, and Δυμανάὶ who gave their name to the three Dorian tribes. The three main DORIAN tribes
Ὑλλέας καὶ Παμφύλους καὶ Δυμανάτας,
Hylleis(or HYLLYNOI), Pamphyloi, and Dymanatai 

It is out of dispute that the MOST important tribe was HYLLINOI which in reality represents the descendents of HERACLES himself, the most legendary “””””Greek”””””” hero.

 Hyllus was the son of Heracles and either Deianira or Melite. Heracles had helped Aegimius in his battle with the Lapiths, and in gratitude Aegimius offered him a third of his land. Heracles declined the offer, and to show his gratitude, Aegimius adopted Hyllus after Heracles died. As an adult Hyllus killed both Sthenelus, king of Mycenae, and his son, Eurystheus, king of Argos. He and Aegimius’ other two sons, Pamphylus and Dymas, gave their names to the three Dorian tribes: the Pamphylii, the Dymanes, and the Hylles.Ὑλλυς  [(h)yll-us]———-in albanian language means YLLI=the star 

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
star (noun)	yll {m} (tr. shq. ylli, shumës yje)

Where these HERACLIDES(Hyllinoi or Bulliones) originated from??  

 The answer comes from Pseudoskylax, the famous “”Greek”" historian 6-4 century BC who has given a very beautiful description of the people inhabiting Europe. 

 PSEUDOSKYLAX The description of EUROPE 22……

22….The barbarians called Lotus-eaters are the following: Hierastamnai, Boulinoi (Hyllinoi), coterminous with Boulinoi the Hylloi. And these say Hyllos son of Herakles settled them: and they are barbarians. And they occupy a peninsula a little lesser than the Peloponnese. And Boulinoi are an Illyric nation.

Therefore the descendents of Heracles and the MAIN DORIAN TRIBE was an ILLYRIC TRIBE. This means that the PROPER HELENES are an ILLYRIC NATION.
What happened to the Pelasgians then?
STRABO 009.001.007
But after the return of the Heracleidae and the partitioning of the country, it came to pass that many of the former inhabitants were driven out of their homelands into Attica by the Heracleidae and the Dorians who came back with them. 

That means that the Pelasgians of Greece (Dannaoi) were subdued by these Dorians(an Illyric people). Also it means that these Dorians who gave to Hellas(former Pelasgia) and the whole world the splendor of classical-“Hellenistic” period were just an ILLYRIC people who are called from Herodotus a branch of the Pelasgians: 

Herodotus (I, 57-58.)
“The Hellenic race has never, since its first origin, changed its speech. This at least seems evident to me. It was a branch of the Pelasgic, which separated from the main body, and at first was scanty in numbers and of little power; but it gradually spread and increased to a multitude of nations, chiefly by the voluntary entrance into its ranks of numerous tribes of barbarians. 

These “Helenes” who originated from Illyria and were an Illyric tribe, was a branch of Pelasgians, therefore the Illyro-Epirotic tribes were Pelasgians too. It brings us to a very important conclusion:

It has never happened a “”Greek”” migration, and the so called Hellenes was not any distinct indo-europian mayor tribe, but just an Pellasgo-Illyrian one.

These Helleno-Pelasgians of the continent subdued the Argivo-Dannaoi-Pelasgians of Hellas, retaliating for the Troyans who were their brothers (originally from Dardania-an Illyric nation). They took vengeance for the Phrygian too (another nation related to Illyrians, originally the BRYGI, an Illyric tribe) who suffered the destruction of their land Phrygia(allie of Troyans) by Egypto-Dannaoi Pelasgians of Agamemnon.There is nothing “Hellenic” in Ancient Hellas, it is just a mythical name borrowed from the “darkness” of antiquity, to create a new nation the modern Hellenes. 

 Posted by ZEUS10 13.March.2008

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THE “IGNORANCE” OF THE ‘QELESHE’.

14 Mars 2008

It has always been an interesting case in the scholars works, studying  words with an unical meaning, whose cognates in other languages do not  exist, even inside the same language families.Let see one of them . The word ‘qeleshe’ in albanian is unical, like it is unical the object it represents. 

Different kinds of qeleshe

 What a qeleshe is?A qeleshe is a traditional skull cap, which is worn by Albanian men, usually from northern highlands of Albania or Kosovo and particularly in the Arberesh villages in Italy. The cap is made from one single piece of woolen felt, usually white, that is molded to the shape of the head. The name qeleshe comes from the Albanian word for wool which is lesh. It has a conical shape that resembles an egg shell cut in half. Sometimes this is worn along with a bandana tied around the head.The independence of Albania.

The truth is that only the last part of the the word “qeleshe” means wool= lesh. The prefix ‘qe’ (Restrictive clause or defining) is a noun forming element which together with ‘lesh’ literatelly means:’ that is made using/from wool’. In a short form the word might be pronounced q’leshe In other albanian dialects the word can be pronounced çeleshe. Therefore we don’t find any fondamental difference just a moving within the same consonant group k>c>ç>q .

The clause ‘q’ is usually followed by a verb. For ex. q’bëj, q’ec, q’shkoj etc.  The vowel ‘ë’ is dropped following the phonetic rules of  albanian language but the correct form would be qe bej(that I do),  qe eci(that I walk), etc.

Do we find qeleshe  somewhere else used by other nationalities beside Albanians. In some Ancient Greek pictures/statues is very visible the presence of qeleshe covering  the heads of some ancient “greek” heroes.

The “Greeks” PATROCLES and ACHILES.

Telling the truth we do not KNOW the name of the hat(in ancient greek) on the head of Patrocles and Oddisseus.

The “”Greek”" Odysseus.

So lets look at something we already know.The verb ‘know’ in Attic dialect is οἶδα.  But also is another synonim in  ancient greek   (γι) - γνοέω=know.

English————————–Ancient Greek——————Albanian

(to) know————————(γι) γνος————————- (e, te) njoh

bagna——————-banja

lazagna—————-lazanja

Spagna—————–Spanja  etc.

 The cluster gn is typical in Ancient Greek and Latin/Neolatin languages.We have in greek another word which is exactly the oppossite of ‘know’-  ἀγνοέω- not perceive, be ignorant, be unaware of.This word, like easily noticed is formed from ἀ (a negative prefix)+gnoeo(know, first person). 

 The verb ‘know’ in Ancient Greek is one of the noun components in the word  foreigner(stranger)= Ξεῖνo [ ξένο(ksenos)]. Let see the definition for the foreigner(stranger).

A stranger is a not known person or a phenomenon, or  a person that we do not know .

The word ksenophobia= kseno(stranger)+ phobia(fear)=fear from people you don’t know, is the best example.
From the image above is understandable that ἀ performs the same function like the ξ(Ξξ  like X in “Matrix ξ comes from κ+σ, or γ+σ, or χ+σ ) changing to a negative meaning the verb know.The consonant ξ is considered a double consonant formed from the smoth κ and the spirant σ (ς).Therefore the word ξένο is pronounced kseno.kseno= ks(a negative double consonant)+ e(conjucture article)+ no(the primitive root for ‘know’)

MEANING

kseno=stranger~ a person (I/we/you) do not know.

In Albaniando not know=që se njoh.The short form in albanian is do not know= q’se njoh~ q’s’njohNow let replace ‘njoh’ with the primitive root no=know. The result would be do not know= q’seno.

We explained some paragraphs above that the evolution of the smoth consonant k in albanian is like this

k(voiceless  velar plosive)>*c>ç>q (Voiceless palatal plosive). {for ex. ancient greek ὦ κύον =k^eon=qën(alb)}

So the final result after a series of etymological transformations would beξένο(ancient greek)= do not know(eng)=k’seno(alb)~qe se njoh 

A thorough etymological investigation of one word alone, although asking a lot of work and attention, clearly showed that Ancient Greek language is ‘genetically’ strongly  connected with Albanian.

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The made-up Greek “language” since old times.

22 Shkurt 2008

Why is the Ancient Greek(Attic dialect) very different from the Koine Greek to that extent that someone not being very wrong might call them  two different languages? The scholars have always been wandering about this issue. Everything started as a human intervetion after an order of Ptolemy II, the emperor. He thought would be a good idea to create an universal language for the entire empire, whose center was Alexandria.

Many languages and dialects were spoken within the empire  and Alexandria, in Egypt was already the Cultural Center of the Empire in about 281 BC. Ptolemy II (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλάδελφος, 309 BC–246BC) wanted an universal language to be used for diplomatic purposes, literature, science and religious purposes. Thus he assigned Aristeas, an Athenian scholar, to create the grammar of the new language, one that not only all Greeks, but all inhabitants of the Empire would be able to speak. Thus, Aristeas used the Attic dialect as basis for the new language. Aristeas and the scholars who were assisting him trimmed the language a little, eliminated the Attic idiosyncrasies and added words as well as grammatical and syntactical rules mainly from the Doric, Ionic, and Aeolic dialects. The Spartan Doric, however, was excluded from it (see Tsakonian further down).

So, they standardized THE Hellenic language, called Koine or Common which was very different from the spoken one at that point that some scholars call it new artificial language.

The language was far from perfect. First it was an written language, created on paper without the means to be spoken. Greeks and non-Greeks encountered difficulties reading it since there was no way to separate words, sentences and paragraphs and especially because they encountered too many made-up words and grammatical rules. In addition, they were unable to express their feelings and the right intonation. During that time, Greek was a melodic language, even more melodic than Italian is today.
The system of paragraphs, sentences, and some symbols like ~. ;`’! , were the result of continuous improvement and enhancement of the language with the contribution of many Greek scholars from all over the World.

There were a few alphabets employed by various Hellenic cities or states, and these alphabets included letters specific to the sounds of their particular dialect. There were two main categories, the Eastern and the Western alphabets. The first official alphabet omitted all letters not in use any longer ( sampi, qoppa, digamma also known as stigma in Greek numbering) and it presented a 24-letter alphabet for the new Koinē language. However, the inclusion and use of small letters took place over a period of many centuries after the standardization of Koinē.

After the new language was completed with its symbols, the Jews of Egypt felt that it was an opportunity for them to translate their sacred books into Greek since it was the language that the Jews of Diaspora spoke. So on the island of Pharos, by Alexandria’s seaport, 72 Jewish rabbis were secluded and isolated as they translated their sacred books (Torah, Nevi’im, Ketuvim, etc.) from Aramaic and Hebrew to the Koinē Greek, the newly created language. This is known as the Septuagint translation. The Koinē evolved and in about two to three centuries it became the language that Biblical scholars call Biblical Greek. In fact, only those who have studied the Attic dialect can understand the difference between the Septuagint Greek and the Greek of the New Testament.
Although the Koinē was officially in use, common folk in general continued to speak their own dialect and here and there one can sense the insertion of elements of the Attic dialect in various documents such as the New Testament.
The Gospel according to St. John and the Revelation are written in perfect Attic. The other three Synoptic Gospels were written in Koinē with the insertion of some Semitic grammatical concepts (i.e. the Hebrew genitive) and invented words (i.e. epiousios).

The outcome is that today in Greece there are many variations in speech; of course not to the point of people not understanding each other, but still there is divergence in the Greek spoken tongue.

Today the Hellenic language accepts only one dialect, the Tsakonian, which is a direct development of the ancient Doric dialect of Sparta.

The Demotic is a development of mostly the Doric sound system, whereas the Katharevousa is a made-up language based on the Classical Attic. Presently, the speech in various areas of Greece somehow differs from each other and sometimes an untrained ear might have difficulty understanding the local speech. Pontic and Cypriot Greek are very good examples to the unacquainted ear. Tsakonian dialect, the descendant of the Spartan Doric, is almost impossible to understand if one is not familiar with it.

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Veshtrim i shkurter per gjuhen Shqipe

22 Shkurt 2008

Veshtrim historik, fonetika, morfologjia gramatika.

Structure.
The structure of Albanian, particularly the grammatical categories and the syntax are much
like those of other European languages.
Phonetics. Standard Albanian has 7 simple vowels (a, e, ë, i, o, u, y) and 29 consonants. They are represented by Latin letters singly, in combinations with h ( dh, sh,th, xh, zh) and j (gj, nj), doubled (rr,ll), and with diacritics (ç for tsch and ë for schwa).
The consonants are divided into the voiced (b, v, d, z, x, xh, zh, dh, gj, g), unvoiced ( p, f,t, s, c, ç, sh, th, q, k, h), and sonants ( m, n, nj, r, rr, l, ll).
The accent is fixed and, with rare exceptions (i madh - të mëdhenj ‘big’), it does not change place: A typical Albanian word is a paroxytonic disyllabic with trochaic rhythm. Even monosyllabic words in their different and numerous grammatical forms result as bisyllabic words, e.g. mal ‘mountain’ is transformed as a definite noun to mali, and during the declension to singular mali, malit, malin, in plural male, malet, malesh. The same happens with verbs, e.g. pi ‘drink’ during the conjugation results in pimë, pini, pinë, pija, pije, pinte, piva, piu, pirë etc.
The Phonetics of Albanian was published in 1984 (Fonetika). In 1996 DEMIRAJ published the historical phonology (Fonologjia historike e shqipes).
Morphology. The grammar of Standard Albanian distinguishes 10 parts of speech. Nouns show overt gender, number, and five cases. In the definite form the masculine nouns add the suffix-article -i ( det,-i ‘sea, the sea’), or -u ( krah,-u ‘arm, the arm’); the feminine nouns add -a ( liri,-a ‘freedom, the freedom’). Neuter forms are  becoming obsolete, and are distinguished by the addition of the neuter singular article -t(ë), it ( ujë-t ‘water, the water’, të ecur,-it ‘walking, the walking’), the masculine article i
being its substitute ( ujë, uji). The declension of neuter nouns is otherwise identical with that of masculine nouns.
Noun plurals are notable for the irregularity of a large number of them. A group of masculine nouns results identical with the feminine plurals and agrees with adjectives in feminine forms, a sign of the weakening of the gender in plural (male të larta ‘high mountains’, a masculine plural, like shtëpi të larta a feminine plural). All the three genders have -t in the definite plural.
The system of cases is well preserved. Of the five cases, the nominative and accusative, singular and plural indefinite are alike; so are the genitive and dative, singular and plural (nominative burrë ‘man’, accusative burrë; genitive burri, dative burri). The ablative singular is identical to the dative singular (burri); the ablative plural also may end in -sh (burrash), and like the singular, functions almost like an adjective ( mur guri ‘stone wall’, sëmundje grash ‘women’s disease’). The suffixed article furnishes Albanian with a distinct set of endings, that gives to the Albanian noun a distinct paradigm for the definite form.
Another characteristic is the connecting particle, linking a noun with a following genitive, and sharing a number of features with the postpositive definite article (shtëpia e babait ‘father’s house’, shtëpisë së babait ‘to the father’s house’).
Adjectives are of two distinct types: a) Adjectives preceeded by the connecting particle (i ëmbël m. ‘sweet’, e ëmbël f. ‘sweet’). The presence of the adjectives with a proclitic particle is not found in any other European language. They are invariable, except
when forming feminine and plural, and are derived fron nouns, adverbs, participles (i mirë, i djeshëm, i shkruar ‘good’, ‘yesterday’s’, ‘written’); b) Simple words, without particle, derived from nouns, other adjectives, and verbs, also including compound adjectives (trim,emëror, bukurosh, kërkues, zemërmadh ‘brave’, ‘nominal’, ‘pretty’, ‘exigent’, ‘greathearted’).
The adjectives after the nouns are uninflected, only the particle changes in agreement with the preceeding noun. Adjectives are placed before the nouns for emotive or stylistic emphasis; in this case they take over the inflection of the noun, the latter being
uninflected. The greatest part of the adjectives can be substantivized.
Verbs have roughly the number and variety of forms found in Italian or French, and are quite irregular in forming their stems. The verb system includes many archaic traits, such as the retention of distinct active and middle personal endings (as in Greek), and the change of a stem vowel e in the present to o (from *e) in the past tense, a feature shared with the Baltic languages: mbledh - mblodha ‘I gather, I gathered’ (HAMP, 1972).
There are six moods and also non-conjugated forms. The moods are: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, optative, admirative, and imperative. The non-conjugated forms are: participle, gerund (duke + participle), and infinitive. Gheg infinitive me + participle is present in various collocations of Standard Albanian (domethënë ‘that is’; meqenëse ‘since, as’;
duke qenë se ‘in view of the fact that’); the Tosk form për të + participle corresponds to it. The admirative mood is pecular to Albanian. The present form is a compound past participle + kam ( punokam ‘What a wonder, I am able to work! /I am at work!’). There is only a passive participle, the active form is traced in adjectives and nomina agentis (kërkues ‘researching /researcher’). The indicative mood is rich with tenses; aorist is distinguished from imperfect and compound perfect tenses. There is also a number of analytical forms: pabërë, me të bërë, një të bërë, së bëri).
Albanian grammar includes as pronouns 7 groups: personal, reflexive, demonstrative, possessive, interrogative, relative, and indefinite. The personal pronouns are not obligatory in building a sentence, as they are in German, English or French, and in the
spoken language they are often omitted. They have weak (shortened) forms in the dative and accusative, very alike to French. These proclitic forms become enclitic when joined to the imperative: jepia = ia jep ‘give it to him’. The 3rd person of personal pronouns ai, ajo‘he, she’, plural ata, ato ‘they’, also serve as demonstratives, the correlative forms of thembeing respectively ky, kjo ‘this’, plural këta, këto ‘these’. In the cases where English and German use the 3rd person neuter forms (‘it’ and ‘das’), the Albanian language uses thefeminine forms: ajo, kjo. The possessive adjectives follow the noun they qualify, but 1st and
2nd person with kinship names also are placed before the noun ( im bir - biri im ‘my son’, vs. libri im ‘my book’). They are declined like the adjectives, i.e. agree with theantecendent noun in person and number. The forms of the possessive adjectives are of
extreme complexity, denoting at the same time the owner and the possessed.
Very characteristic for the Albanian prepositions is their use with the nominative
(nga, te), and with some adverbs ( për, deri).
Syntax. The structure of the Albanian sentence does not differ very much from the
other European languages, and the written language is strongly influenced by them. The
word order is relatively free, but the subject is not obligatory. Passive constructions are
characteristic for the written language. The bound determinatives are placed after the noun,
whereas the self-sufficient determinatives are placed before the nouns (ky djalë, disa djem
‘this boy, some boys’). When a definite noun or one taken as already known is the direct
object of the sentence, a pronoun in accusative that repeats this information must be inserted
in the verb phrase.
Some aspects of the structure of the Albanian language are mentioned in other parts
of this paper.
The academic grammar of the Albanian was published in 1976, and the second
revised edition 1995 (Gramatika e gjuhës shqipe); the syntax was was published in 1976
and 1983 ( Sintaksa). (Ref. Xh. Lloshi)

Shqipja eshte gjuha e nje populli te vogel, te vendosur ne Ballkanin perendimor, e shqiptareve. Ky popull mendohet se i ka renjet ne prehistori. Protoshqiptari ne Ballkan mendohet me i vjeter se protoheleni, si rrjedhim dhe gjuha e shqiptareve eshte me afer gjuhes ‘nene’ te familjes i.e. Kete kane pasur parasysh rreth 200 vjete me pare etimologet, kur, ne paraqitjen skematike te gjuheve indoevropiane e kane vendosur si degen me te ulet, dmth ajo eshte dega me e vjeter e pemes se gjuheve
Gjuha shqipe eshte gjuhe e familjes indoevropiane. Ajo perben nje nga gjuhet me te rralla, me te pastudjuara dhe pa dyshim me te vjetrat ne Europe.
Deri me sot asnje nuk ka mundur ta klasifikoj ate ne nje grup te percaktuar gjuhesh brenda families i.e, pra ajo eshte nje dege fare e vecante.
Gabimet diletanteske deri dashakeqese qe bejne disa studjues, sipas te cileve ajo eshte nje perzjerje mekanike fjalesh turke, greke, sllave, hebree, latine etj nuk zbehin vlerat e verteta te saj, gjenine e saj, lashtesine e saj. Per te gjitha gjuhet i.e njihet nje periudhe e perafert e kristalizimit te tyre nga gjuha ‘nene’, qe ka ardhur si rezultat i nje ndryshimi cilesor te gjuhes.Per shqipen nuk mund te thuhet e njejta gje. Studjuesit nuk jane ne gjendje te japin as me afersi prej disa shekuj fillimin e kristalizimit te saj, pra shkeputjen nga gjuha ‘nene’. Kjo veshtiresi ka ardhur pikesepari nga mungesa e dokumentimit te kesaj gjuhe. Megjithate dokumenti me i vjeter shkrimor i gjetur, tregon qe gjuha shqipe ka pasur nje tradite shume me te hershme te shkruari . Gjithashtu kjo gjuhe nuk ka pasur nje sistem shkrimi te pranuar pra nje alfabet te sajin gjate gjithe kohes. Keshtu pergjithesisht pranohet qe alfabetet e lashta te saj jane ato pellazge, likase, frigase, kariene bile dhe ato hitite etj. Me pas ishte alfabeti grek qe u perpunua prej Kadmit ne Beoti e Epir, ne baze te shkrimeve te tyre. Alfabeti romak hyri kryesisht ne Iliri dhe me pak ne Epir. Mbishkrimet etruske qe mbeten nje prej mistereve me te medha te gjuhesise dhe etimologjise, disa albanologe kane arritur me sukses ti shpjegojne ne gjuhen shqipe megjithe distancen e madhe kohore qe i ndan. Bile gjuha e mesapeve (njerit prej fiseve ne Italine e jugut) duket aq afer ilirishtes per shume studjues te shqipes, sa ata mendojne qe mesapet jane fis ilir i emigruar ne Itali. Gjuha e ilireve, pranohet si gjuha me e afert e antikitetit te njohur historikisht, me shqipen e sotme, megjithese iliro-traket shtriheshin ne nje territor shume te madh ne Ballkan.

Among Albanian language scholars there is practically no dispute over the thesis that
Albanian is related to Illyrian: Albanian is a direct descendant of a south-west group of
Illyrian dialects. However, there have been other hypotheses proposed, among which the
following merit to be mentioned.

a. The Pelasgian hypothesis. Albanian is the continuation of the language of an
ancient people called Pelasgians, a hypothesis rather diffused in the 19th century. J.G. von
HAHN (1854) formulated in a strict manner the hypothesis that the Albanians are direct
descendants of the Illyrians, Macedonians, and Epirotes, and that in the remotest times they
formed a united race together with the Latins and the Hellenes called Pelasgians, with their
language, the Pelasgian. A. SCHLEICHER gave full authority to this theory of Pelasgian
origin with his family tree of languages. Today this is considered a groundless idea.

b. The Thracian (Dacian) hypothesis. Albanian is the continuation of the
Thracian language. This thesis, implying an Albanian-Rumanian symbiosis, is supported by
students of Rumanian: H. HIRT, K. PAUL, G. WEIGAND, H. BARIC, I. POPOVIC, and
I. I. RUSSU. Only scant remains of Thracian exist, but HIRT saw Albanians as descendants
of the Thracians. This means that in the early Middle Ages the Albanians moved westward
from the central part of the Balkans, but there are no historical records of such a massive
migration. To BARIC Albanian is an Illyricized Thracian dialect.

d. The Daco-Moesian hypothesis is sustained by the Bulgarian academician V.
GEORGIEV.

Gjuha shqipe, duhet ti kete kaperxyer format e thjeshta njerokeshe, me mungese zanoresh qe para periudhes arkaike. Ne kete konkluzion arrihet duke studjuar gjuhen Homerike, sepse vihet re nje aferi e pabesueshme e fjaleve te saj me shqipen e sotme. Gjuha Homerike eshte pabesueshmerisht me afer me shqipen se sa me greqishten e sotme. Gjithashtu ky argument tregon se gjuha shqipe ne te kaluaren eshte folur ne nje territor shume me te madh se i sotmi dhe tkurja e saj gjeografike ka ardhur si rezultat i tkurjes se hapesires jetike te popullit qe e flet, pra te popullit shqiptar.
Sot ne baze te shkrimit te shqipes eshte pranuar alfabeti me shkronja latine. Ky alfabet ka 36 shkronja te cilit i korespondojne po 36 tinguj te fonemes.
Ne terma joteknike gjuha shqipe shkruhet ashtu si lexohet, pra cdo tingulli i korespondon nje shkronje e shkruar. Pranimi i alfabetit me germa latine, erdhi si rezultat i nje kompromisi ne Kongresin e Manastirit 95 vjete me pare, duke pasur parasysh se tingujt e shqipes pershtaten me mire me kete alfabet se me ndonje tjeter(psh ate grek). Ne kendveshtrimin shpirteror shqiptaret ruajne nje tendence per te pare nga perendemi dhe ne memorjen e tyre historike ata e ndjejnë vehten pjese e tij dhe shpesh nuk “harrojne” te permendin jo pa krenari kontributin kolosal te paraardhesve te tyre ne Perandorine Romake si psh Konstandini i Madh.
Gjuha shqipe ka pasur nje zhvillim te natyrshem te strukturave gramatikore dhe fonetike. Por gjuha shqipe ka vuajtur ne termat e zhvillimit pergjithesisht ne terma teknike, juridike, sociale dhe diplomatike sidomos ne mesjete e me pas. Kjo eshte nje nga dobesite e saj qe karakterizojne pergjithesisht gjuhet e folura nga popuj ne tkurje.
Persa i perket ndikimeve te gjuheve te tjera ne gjuhen shqipe, ato qe shpesh pranohen te tilla, pergjithesisht jane zhvillime paralele te gjuheve dhe aspak ndikime.
Maredheniet me te ngushta shqipja i ka pasur me latinishten dhe greqishten e vjeter. Ajo duhet te kete pasur nje zhvillim paralel me to ne strukturat gramatikore dhe fonetike. Ne dallim nga keto te dyja qe u rriten cilesisht si rezultat i shtimit te termave te zhvillimit, shqipja u rrit cilesisht pergjithesisht duke u mbeshtetur ne termat baze. Ky ishte nje avantazh i shqipes karshi gjuheve ‘te forta’, por shqipja pati disavantazhin e mungeses se shkrimit. Mungesa e shkrimit, beri qe shqipja te humbiste rendesine e saj bile dhe te shuhej sidomos ne Greqi dhe Italine e Jugut.
Dy jane dialektet kryesore te pranuara zyrtarisht : gegerishtja dhe toskerishtja. Si nendialekte mund te permendet camerishtja dhe laberishtja, por qe fare mire mund te klasifikohen si dialekte.Te dyja keto dialekte i perkasin dy njesive fisnore camet dhe labet qe ne antikitet i gjejme te perfaqsuara perkatesisht me thesprotet (Epir) dhe lapet (Atike).
Disa studjues gjermane i krahasojne diferencat midis gegerishtes dhe toskerishtes si te gjermanishtes me danishten, por diferencat nuk jane aq te thella por shume me te ceketa. Gegerishtja, shfaqet relativisht me e vjeter se toskerishtja, por geget jane te vendosur pergjithesisht ne zona malore te pazhvilluara. Kjo solli svetenimin dhe zhvillimin e vogel te gjuhes gjate shekujve, duke i leshuar terren dialektit tosk, aq sa ky eshte tashme eshte gjuha letrare e shqiptareve.
Megjithate, dialekti geg mund te sherbeje shume mire per shpjegimin e shkrimeve antike ( jo vetem ne territorin shqiptar) duke qene se ky ka dominuar gjuhen ne lashtesi.

The dialectal differences between Gheg and Tosk are minimal. The most striking
one’s are:
- nasal vowels in Gheg, missing in Tosk ( bâ - bëj “I do’);
- long vowels in Gheg with phonological values, missing in Tosk;
- ë (schwa) very frequent in Tosk and also stressed at times, missing in spoken Gheg and
to which the nasal â (hân - hënë ‘moon’) corresponds in the same position;
- ue diphthong or long u in Gheg, to which ua in Tosk corresponds (all from uo>o
diphthongization, due, du - dua ‘I want’, grue, gru - grua ‘woman’);
- the initial vo- in Gheg in a very small number of cases, to which va- in Tosk corresponds
(voj - vaj oil);
- the intervocalic -n- in Gheg, to which Tosk corresponds with rhotacism -r- (ranw - rërë
‘sand’, venë - verë ‘wine’);
- terminal voiced consonants in Gheg are heard devoiced in Tosk (kalb - kalp ‘make
rotten’, i madh - i math ‘big’);
- the consonant clusters mb, nd, ng, ngj in Tosk are heard as distinct sounds, while
reduced to m, n, nj in Gheg ( mbush - mush ‘fill’, vend - ven ‘place’, ngas - nas
‘tease’, ngjesh - njesh ‘press’);
- intervocalic nj in Tosk is reduced in j in Gheg ( rrënjë - rrâj ‘root’);
- imperfect tense forms ending in -sha, -she in Gheg have Tosk correspondences -nja, -
nje ( punojsha - punonja ‘I worked’ );
- Turkish loan-words in Gheg are paroxytonic, in Tosk oxytonic (ág - agá, káfe – kafé
‘coffee’);
- difference in the definite forms of the nouns in ue/ua: (Gheg thue - thoni, Tosk thua thoni
‘finger-nail’);
- Gheg preserves the endings of verbs with consonantal stem, Tosk omits the endings
(Gheg un hapi Tosk unë hap ‘I open’);
- Tosk preserves the endings of the participles, Gheg omits the endings (hapur - hap
‘opened’, larë - la ‘washed’);
- presence of the reflexive pronoun i vet his own in Gheg, missing in Tosk;
- presence of an infinitive form in Gheg ( me shkue ‘to go’), absence in Tosk, replaced by
a circumlocution (për të shkuar);
- presence in Gheg of a future tense with the present of the auxiliary “to have” plus the
infinitive of the verb ( kam me shkue ‘I will go’), missing in Tosk;
- deverbative adjectives in Gheg, absent in Tosk, expressing possibility with the suffix -
shem, different from passive participial adjectives (i punueshem cultivable - i punuem
cultivated).
In general, Tosk has been more innovative in the previous period, while Gheg is
today more reductive. Gheg and Tosk are mutually intelligible, and in a small country with
recent great demographic movements, the old regional divisions are becoming more and
more conventional. The historical dialects spoken in Italian and Greek enclaves reflect the
Tosk origin.(Ref Xh Lloshi)

- morphonologic alternations e/ie ~ i (hedh - hidhni ‘I throw - you throw’), metaphony
(dash – desh ‘ram – rams’, dal - del ‘I go out - he goes out’), apophony (e/ie ~ o :
mbledh - mblodha ‘I gather - I gathered’; a ~ o : marr - mora ‘I take - I took’),
diphthongization of o (ftoi - ftua ‘quince - the quince’), palatalization of the stem final
consonants in the plural of numerous nouns (breg - brigje ‘shore- shores’, zog - zogj
‘bird – birds’);
- creation of a particular plural stem opposed to that of the regular (prind – prindër
‘parent – parents’);
- creation of a double (indefinite - definite) declension;
- the prepositive derivational and inflexional particles with adjectives, numerals and ordinal
numbers, kinship nouns, and genitive forms;
- agglutinated possessive pronouns for 1st and 2nd persons;
- re-organization of the non-active conjugation and the coining of the analytic non-finite
forms of the verbs (me punue, pa punuar ‘to work, without working’);
- in the syntax: the bound determinatives are placed after the noun, whereas the
unbound determinatives are regularly placed before the noun.
As a consequence of its gradual evolution, Albanian has been transformed from a
formerly synthetic to a synthetic-analytical language.
- the postposition of the definite article, a manifestation of the ancient tendency of
this language to place all the bound determinatives after the noun;
- uniformity of the genitive and dative cases;
- redoubling of the direct and direct objects through the unstressed forms of the personal
pronouns;
- disappearance of the infinitive, substituted by subjunctive forms or analytical forms;
- the future tense formed by means of the auxiliary dua (I will) in the form of a particle do+ subjunctive Ref. Xh. Lloshi.

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Albanian language and the PIE.

22 Shkurt 2008

Where did Albanian language originate from?
The most accepted theory between the linguists that Albanian belongs to the IE languages which have a common origin: the Proto-IE language although the Albanian has all the specifics of a Pre-IE.
What is the PIE language (proto-Indo-European)?
The Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans. The scientists go even further; they believe are capable to reconstruct the words of this language:
Ex: eleutherian1623, from Gk. eleutherios “like a free man, noble-minded, frank, liberal,” lit. “freeing, delivering, releaser,” title of Zeus as protector of political freedom, from eleutheria “freedom,” from PIE *leu-dheros.

The idea which most of European languages have the same ancestor looks right to me. The real problem begins when they say: from PIE *leu-dheros. This part is where the speculation begins. To reconstruct the primitive PIE form is simply impossible because no one knows the universal rules to go back to this hypothetical language. Further more words like this “*leu-dheros don’t show the characteristics of a primitive language with its monosyllabic appearance where the whole word consist in a short vowel (a, e, i, o, y) after or between respectively one or two (usually simple) consonants. What we see is a word built of diphthongs and complex consonants, semi-vowels etc. Contrary to expected sometime in these “proto-IE” words we can even notice consonant clusters which totally disagrees with the main idea of a monosyllabic-primitive language.
Is this PIE language the source for the Albanian too?
I would bring one example.
For the verb “ndjek”= follow, exists a synonym the verb “përzë” ex.: përzë dike me vrap, usually this word is used in the contexts: following smb for (intending) catching him/her. In Albanian the verb “përzë” is a formation of two other words: përzë(për+zë)=for+ catch. That means that this is not a loan from other languages but it is a word formed during the time within the Albanian language and not borrowed from other languages. It is formed from two other elementary Albanian words one of them is a verb itself (zë) which we don’t meet in other languages at all , making it a pure Albanian word. However, strangely the Albanian word “përzë” has a cognate in English “pursue” which has exactly the same meaning like in Albanian “follow smb intending to catch him/her”. It has been explained above that this verb in albanian is neither a borrowing from other IE languages nor descended from a “mother” PIE word .
How come this word is present in English language?
Did the Albanians invade England?
No.
Did the British invade Albania?
No.
Did both “përzë” and “pursue” come from the same PIE root?
No (explained above).
Did the word enter in English language through another IE language?
No
It has only two possible answers:
1. Albanian is the PIE itself.
2. Albanian is very close to the PIE
Most likely the first answer is wrong because it’s a lot of arguments against. The second answer is the only right possible because among other arguments is that of isolated and mountainous life of Albanian tribes who preserved their language in its archaic form better than any other race. Most of all the Albanian language better than any other language obeys this universal rule: The root of every primitive verb is a monosyllable, consisting of a short vowel between two (usually simple) consonants.
Examples: di, ha, pi, lë, rri, loz, kap, hap, marr, fus, shoh, gjuj, leh, rrah, bëj, kam, etc etc. As result these monosyllable albanian~PIE verbs is met in the words roots of every language starting from Ancient Greek finishing to English:

Few examples:

ENGLISH___________________ALBANIAN
Leave————————————lë
Clear————————————-çel
Fresh————————————fryj
Let————————————–le të
Know————————————njoh
See————————————–shoh, sy
Catch————————————kap
Ground———————————-grij
Call————————————–quj(quaj)

Being onomatopoeic some of the above verbs are the true roots of the selected English words. The same thing could be said for the ancient greek. There is no doubt that the root of: βίος —-lifeis the Albanian verb “mbij”=to sprout with its primitive form “bi” still alive in south dialects. From the same verb comes the Albanian place adverb “mbi”=over which explain very well where the life(usually a plant) appears after it sprouts.

Conclusion
The Albanian language takes a very special position among IE languages. Its position enjoys the privileges of a PIE language and could be used in many scientific jobs to avoid nonsense like this: PIE *leu-dheros .Another interesting thing is the development of two main independent dialects in the language. Gheg is a possible source of tosk but all indications are that this last one was split from the proto-IE itself before the other major Europian languages being split, meanwhile the gheg conserved all the characteristics of the PIE. It means that Gheg is older than Tosk but both are dialects of one unique language : the Albanian language. They represent gheg and tosk clans which in antiquity were called respectively: Illyrians and Epiriotes both the variations of the prehistoric race : the Albanians.

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PELLAZGET NJE MIT APO REALITET ?

22 Shkurt 2008

A jane pellazget nje popull mitik, apo ka nje te vertete historike per egzistencen e tyre?
Debate te forta behen rreth kesaj teme jo vetem me te huajt. Kunder egzistences se tyre, jane rreshtuar dhe intelektualë shqiptare qe ne emer te shkences jane kundershtaret me te forte. Ajo qe te ben pershtypje, eshte ashpersia e ketyre intelktualeve, qe arrin deri ne egersi. Perse kjo egersi ?! A jane keta ‘gardiane te shkences’, apo jane patriota ‘me kembe ne toke’? Sigurisht, ky patriotizem racional eshte i dyshimte, aq me teper qe shoqerohet me nje fryme te eger kriticizmi te çuditshem. Duke ‘mbrojtur’ shkencen, eshte rreshtuar mes te tjereve dhe z.Ardian Vehbiu. I ‘frikesuar’ prej formulave alkimike, prej iracionalitetit te metodes se studimit, ai leshon kushtrimin kunder kujtdo qe i gjen te paret tane kudo ne Europe e Mesdhe. Vertet nga kjo frikesoheni z.Ardian, apo e keni merakun gjetke ?! Se mos te ka zene ‘frika’ e z. Moikom Zeqo, qe duke ju referuar Falmajerit e fillon historine e shqiptareve vetem ne shek. e II pas Krishtit ne Albanopolisin e vogel. Sigurisht ju pasi ‘shpartalloni’ R.D’Angeli apo Giuseppe Catapano, megjithese nuk jepni asnje argument kunder tyre, paralajmeroni qe asnje te mos guxoje te mbroje tezen pellazge, sepse ju shkencetaret ‘rigoroze’ do ta kryqezoni. Dhe per me teper, na keni vene ne pritje te momentit kur ju te rrekeni te perdorni metodat tuaja ‘shkencore’, ‘racionale,’ ‘te pagabueshme’ duke hedhur poshte cdo gje tjeter si te gabuar. Valle do te vije ky moment ? Gjithashtu, ajo qe ben pershtypje ne shkrimin tuaj ‘Pellazget e sotem’ (gazeta Ballkan dt16.11.2003) jane njohurite e ceketa per te mos thene te gabuara qe keni per lashtesine dhe gjeografine. Kur vendosni thraket ne perendim te Ballkanit tregoni se ju nuk merrni ere fare nga kjo pune. Kur ju thoni se kultura ilire ju ekspozua me shume asaj romake tregon se ju nuk keni njohuri minimale per te pakten njeren prej ketyre dy kulturave, per te mos thene per te dyja. Ju dukeni gati i deshperuar, kur ju duhet te pranoni ate qe shkenca i njeh shqiptaret per pasardhes te iliro-trakeve. Mos keni ndonje ide me brilante se dhe iliro-traket jane nje mit ? C’eshte e verteta ju synoni te nxirrni pellazget nje mit, por ngaterroheni dhe me iliret dhe etrusket. Me siguri ju i keni shpjeguar mbishkrimet mesape, venete, japige, ligure, umbre, apo toskane dhe paskeni zbuluar qe nuk shpjegohen me shqipen, duke ngelur te ironizoni N.V. Falaschin si ndertuese mitesh intuitive. Cilen metode shkencore zbatove ate te nderthurjes, apo ate etimologjike ? Po ashtu dhe metoda e krahasimit (vete krahasimi eshte i domosdoshem si metode ne etimologji, arkeologji dhe histori, por ne rastin konkret konkluzioni qe del nga kjo metode se gjuha shqipe eshte perzjerje mekanike fjalesh latine, greke, turke , sllave eshte se paku i gabuar) qe ju aq e keni per zemer, e gjen burimin e fjaleve vetem ne binomin pushtues-i pushtuar dhe anasjelltas, duke mohuar ne menyre te pashpjegueshme, burimin e perbashket te gjuheve si dhe shtegtimet e pafundme te fiseve brenda nje race ne lashtesi. Nuk e di kush mund te quhet zukatje intelektuale, puna titanike e N.V. Falaschit, R.D’Angelis, S. Kondes (qe megjithese kane dhe fragmente intuitive, kane perpunuar nje metode studimi shume me racionale se katedra marksiste e albanologjise, qe na paska qene aq energjike dhe dinamike, sa me ndikimin e saj, per prejardhjen ilire te shqiptareve folkan dhe sot e kesaj dite dhe femijet ne Sri Lanka) apo perpjekja jote per kritike ‘racionale’. Qendrat akademike ne Tirane e Prishtine qe perfaqsohen nga Puto, Pollo, Qosja etj, nuk mund te jene me si dikur pike referimi per studjuesit e rinj, sepse shkencetaret ideologjike jane ata qe krijojne mite. Kurse ata qe ‘germojne’ ne mjergullat e lashtesise, jane me te pelqyer se kritiket dhe nihilistet e rangut tuaj.
Per kokluzionet tuaja i referoheni E.Cabej (ka pranuar qe ilirishtja eshte paraardhese e shqipes dhe iliret te paret tane me te hershem, qe eshte nje teze pjeserisht e vertete, eshte njesoj si te thuash qe gjithe shqiptaret jane gege), por nuk thoni se cfare kishte para ilireve, nje toke te shkrete, apo qyteterim primitiv. Iliret jane shume me te vjeter se romaket dhe asnje deri me sot nuk ka dhene asnje argument bindes nese ata jane ardhes (sic deshironi ju te jene) apo popullsi autoktone qe pellazget e Greqise i quajten ne nje moment historik, ilire. Por me e pakuptueshmja, eshte kur poziciononi dhe Ismail Kadaren ne llogoren e atyre qe jane kundershtare te tezez pellazge (ne cilin liber apo shkrim ?). Kur permendni G Meyer ju kthehet si bumerang, sepse duke cituar kete studjues (grober’s Grundriss f 804) : gjuha shqipe perfaqson nje nga dialektet e lashta ilire ; pra kuptimi eshte, jo te kohes romake. Ky konkluzion i tij rrezon gjithe kuisjen tuaj nihiliste.

I ceket apo i qellimshem jeni kur thoni se iliret jane paraardhesit me te hershem te shqiptareve, sepse dhe Tunmani, qe e studjoi shqipen ex-katedra dhe kishte ne dispozicion vetem 100 fjale nga kjo gjuhe sheh tek shqiptaret pasardhesit e nje populli shume te lashte. Ju jo rastesisht nuk permendni J.G.Hahnn qe mesoi 6000 fjale te gjuhes shqipe dhe u ra trojeve shqiptare kryq dhe terthor dhe konkludoi se : Shqiptaret jane pasardhes se nje populli te sterlashte qe i parapriu epokes historike duke u futur ne te si nje prej popujve kryesore; protogreku nuk eshte aspak me i vjeter se protoshqiptari. Sipas Herderit, zoti Ardian shqiptaret vllehet, arnautet (perkatesisht iliret, traket, maqedonet) kane qene kombe kryesore ne Europe, prandaj keto nuk jane ‘fantazi te habitshme’ me autore shqiptare manipulues.
Por c’thone historianet e vjeter, a i pranojne ata pellazget?
Para ardhjes se heleneve, pellazget banonin gjithe Hellasin e atehershem, duke perfshire dhe Peloponezin -keshtu thote Hekateus nga Mileti.

Hecataeus of Miletus
says of the Peloponnesus that before the time of the Greeks it was inhabited by barbarians. Yet one might say that in the ancient times the whole of Greece was a settlement of barbarians, if one reasons from the traditions themselves: Pelops {395} brought over peoples {396} from Phrygia to the Peloponnesus that received its name from him; and Danaüs {397} from Egypt; whereas the Dryopes, the Caucones, the Pelasgi, the Leleges, and other such peoples, apportioned among themselves the parts that are inside the isthmus–and also the parts outside, for Attica was once held by the Thracians who came with Eumolpus, {398} Daulis in Phocis by Tereus, {399} Cadmeia {400} by the Phoenicians who came with Cadmus, and Boeotia itself by the Aones and Temmices and Hyantes. According to Pindar, “there was a time when the Boeotian tribe was called “Syes.” {401} {402} Moreover, the barbarian origin of some is indicated by their names–Cecrops, Godrus, Aïclus, Cothus, Drymas, and Crinacus. And even to the present day the Thracians, Illyrians, and Epeirotes live on the flanks of the Greeks (though this was still more the case formerly than now); indeed most of the country that at the present time is indisputably Greece is held by the barbarians–Macedonia and certain parts of Thessaly by the thracians,and the parts above Acarnania and Aetolia by the Thesproti, the Cassopaei,the Amphilochi, the Molossi, and the Athamanes–Epeirotic.

dhe vec kesaj ne troje te konsiderueshme ne Itali ; banoret e Beotise thoshin se kishin ardhur nga Athina (kryeqender e pellazgeve) ; keto z.Ardian jane fjalet e Strabonit (L VI f 279).
Nese nuk te mjafton Straboni, po i referohem Eskilit (The Suppliant), kur flet per maqedonasit dhe epiriotet: « Une jam Pellasgu, bir i Paleoktonit te lindur nga toka, sundues i ketij vendi. Nga une populli ka marre emrin, qe mbjell frutat e ketij vendi dhe tere vendin neper te cilin rrjedh Aksiusi dhe nga perendimi i Strimonit. Mbreteria ime perfshin vendin e perrebejve, fqinjeve te peoneve, malet e Dodones dhe kufizohet me detin. Sundimi im shtrihet dhe me tej. Emri i atij vendi eshte Apia.

THE KING OF ARGOS
For that, take heart and answer without fear.
I am Pelasgus, ruler of this land, Child of Palaichthon,
whom the earth brought forth;
And, rightly named from me, the race who reap
This country’s harvests are Pelasgian called.
And o’er the wide and westward-stretching land,
Through which the lucent wave of Strymon flows,
I rule; Perrhaebia’s land my boundary is Northward,
and Pindus’ further slopes, that watch Paeonia, and Dodona’s mountain ridge.
West, east, the limit of the washing seas Restrains my rule-the interspace is mine.
But this whereon we stand is Apian land, Styled so of old from the great healer’s name;
For Apis, coming from Naupactus’ shore.

Siç e sheh z.Ardian keto nuk jane mite, sepse perrebejte ishin ilire (si vellezrit e tij Dardani, Enkeleu, Autari, Medi, Taulansi), peonet ilire. Strimoni eshte (Vardari i sotem etj ). Pra iliret jane bije pellazgjike. Por nese je akoma i pakenaqur po te citoj fjale per fjale mendimin e babait te historise Herodotit (L2 f 50) , « Fisi helen, perkundrazi , sipas mendimit tim, qysh nga lindja e tij vazhdimisht ka folur te njejten gjuhe. Por i vecuar nga fisi pellazgjik, dhe i dobet ne vetvete, ai qe nga fillimet e tij si nje fis i vogel u rrit deri ne nje mase fisesh, duke u perzier me shume popuj barbare »

Herodotus (I, 57-58.)
“The Hellenic race has never, since its first origin, changed its speech. This at least seems evident to me. It was a branch of the Pelasgic, which separated from the main body, and at first was scanty in numbers and of little power; but it gradually spread and increased to a multitude of nations, chiefly by the voluntary entrance into its ranks of numerous tribes of barbarians.

Sic e sheh vete helenet nuk perfaqsonin ndonje gje te madhe, ata u rriten dhe forcuan me dyndjet e popujve fiseve iliro- pellazgjike (qe paten stacion te pare Epirin). Pra z.Ardian mendoj se dhe nese keni lexuar, mundoheni tju shkisni ketyre fakteve.Keta barbare ishin jonet, eolet dhe doret qe erdhen qe te gjithe (natyrisht jo ne te njejten kohe) nga veri–perendimi i Ballkanit. Nje pjese e doreve u kthyen ne trojet nga u nisen dhe rivitalizuan qytete si Epidamnos, Apolonia etj duke ju ndryshuar dhe emrin sic ishte rasti i Dyrrahut . Por keta z. Ardian nuk ishin kolone helene sic thua ti, Puto, Pollo, Zeqo & Co sepse termi ‘helene’ nuk kishte lindur akoma as tek ata qe mbeten ne Greqi (vazhdonin te quheshin sipas fiseve te tyre ylle, pamfile, dymane[ Ὑλλέας καὶ Παμφύλους καὶ Δυμανάτας,]) . Ata u vetequajten helene, 2-3 shekuj me vone. Hiqni dore zoti Ardian nga keqinformimi i shqiptareve, duke i quajtur kolone helene doret nomade, vetem duke dhene si argument shkronjat ‘greke’ qe gjenden ne stelat e varreve te tyre, sepse ato kishin egzistuar dhe para heleneve Keto shkronja i solli ne Greqi Kadmi me ureberesit (Γεφυραῖοι) e tij, jo nga Fenikia mesopotamase, por nga Foinika Kaone. Kaonet ishin epiriote ashtu si dhe kasopet , moloset, atintanet, amfiloket, thesprotet, atamanet, parauejte, timfejte, etj (se mos te duken mite emrat e ketyre fiseve).

Asnje qark patriot shqiptar, z.Ardian, nuk ndikoi tek shkenca moderne gjuhesore europiane, kur u ndertua skema e gjuheve indoeuropiane. Nuk ishte lajthitje, europianet ne menyre te natyrshme vune shqipen si degen e pare gjuhesore indoeuropiane. Por logjikisht, gjuhen me te vjeter e flet populli me i vjeter pavaresisht ne quheshin pellazge apo arge apo c’te duash.
Qe ata qe shkuan e luftuan ne troje kunder Trojaneve nuk ishin grekë por ishin pellasge e verteton Straboni kur thote se Danai nxorri nje urdher ku kerkoi ndryshimin e emrit te pellasgeve qe banonin “” hellasin”” e atehershem, ne Danaoi sipas emrit te tij ;

STRABO Geography 008.006.009

The acropolis of the Argives is said to have been founded by Danaüs, who is reputed to have surpassed so much those who reigned in this region before him that, according to Euripides,”throughout Greece he laid down a law that all people hitherto named Pelasgians should be called Danaans.” {358}

Herodoti, Straboni, Tuqiditi, Eskili, Euripidi ,Aristofani nuk vuanin nga komplekset e tua z. Ardian kur flasin per pellazget si popull konkret duke dhene hollesi te shumta dhe emra konkrete. Por dhe Homeri (qe mendohej se fliste me emra dhe simbole artistike), pas zbulimeve te nje arkeologu gjerman, doli se nuk kishte trilluar artistikisht per Trojen. Atje ne Azine e Vogel, ishte renojat e Trojes, prane lumit Skamander me saktesi te habitshme, dikur e themeluar nga dinastia e Dardanideve (e degjove mire). Prandaj kembengul D’Angeli qe pellazget ishin kudo. Prandaj Laibnici thote qe maqedonishtja, ilirishtja, trakishtja, frigjishtja,muzishtja, likaonishtja, karienishtja, tireno-pellazgjishtja, etruskishtja etj jane idioma te se njejtes gjuhe.

Keta shkencetare te palodhur ju referoheshin atyre te lashtesie te cilet Epiriotet, Iliret dhe maqedonasit i quajne te njejte ne gjuhe, zakone, paraqitje te jashtme dhe gjithe gjerat e tjera qe percaktojne racen:

STRABO 007.007.008

The Amphilochians are Epeirotes; and so are the peoples who are situated above them and border on the Illyrian mountains, inhabiting a rugged country–I mean the Molossi, the Athamanes, the Aethices, the Tymphaei, the Orestae, and also the Paroraei and the Atintanes, some of them being nearer to the Macedonians and others to the Ionian Gulf. It is said that Orestes once took possession of Orestias–when is, exile on account of the murder of his mother–and left the country bearing his name; and that he also founded a city and called it Argos Oresticum. But the Illyrian tribes which are near the southern part of the mountainous country and those which are above the Ionian Gulf are intermingled with these peoples; for above Epidamnus and Apollonia as far as the Ceraunian Mountains dwell the Bylliones, the Taulantii, the Parthini, and the Brygi. Somewhere near by are also the silver mines of Damastium, {457} around which the Dyestae and the Encheleii (also called Sesarethii) together established their dominion; and near these people are also the Lyncestae, the territory Deuriopus, Pelagonian Tripolitis, the Eordi, Elimeia, and Eratyra. In earlier times these peoples were ruled separately, each by its own dynasty……But some go so far as to call the whole of the country Macedonia, as far as Corcyra, at the same time stating as their reason that in tonsure, language, short cloak, and other things of the kind, the usages of the inhabitants are similar, {458}

Pak a shume keshtu mendon dhe Stipcevic, Ksilander, Han, Herder, Momsen etj E pra per fatin e keq tuajin z.Ardian, keta popuj jetonin ngado, dhe pikerisht ne Europe, Mesdhe, Lindjen e Aferme, Afriken e Veriut. D’Angely na paska qene nje i lajthitur, po mire valle lajthit Momseni (Romische Geschichte f 187) kur Pirron (ne lufte kunder Tarentit) dhe epiriotet e lashte i quan : « shqiptare te lashtesise ». Persa ju perket etruskeve ata kurre nuk u zbythen nga Italia, por u shkrine ne masen e madhe te popujve qe shkuan ne Itali, duke dhene kontributin kryesor ne kulturen romake, (arkitektet, inxhinieret, artizanet etruske drejtonin gjithshka). Por natyrisht kombi i ri i krijuar disa shekuj me vone nuk filtronte dot autoktonet e lashte nga ardhesit, sepse ishte nje levizje brenda races. Popullimi i Epirit prej etruskeve (jo gjithe etrusket si thoni ju) ishte nje levizje normale, qe erdhi pasi perandori Paul Emili percelloi vendin, si hakmarje per rezistencen epiriote.

Qe pellazget jane te vjeter ne Greqi, e tregojne shume zbulime arkeologjike ku mund te permendim zbulimin e kultures minoike, por dhe ate te Athines paraakease. Akejte, e provuar tashme te ardhur nga veri-perendimi i Ballkanit, ndertuan nje qyteterim krejt te ngjashem me ate para tyre, gje qe tregon se ata ishin pellazge dhe ne nje moment te caktuar historik, u vetequajten Akej.Te njejten gje mund te themi dhe per danajte dhe traket eumolpike. Ata nuk ishin gje tjeter vetem fise pellazge (qe e merrnin emrin nga mbreti i tyre , siç ndodhte rendom ne lashtesi), pavaresisht nga cilat troje pellazge ishin nisur .
Per njohurite e tua te ceketa z.Ardian, ( valle ky eshte emri yt ?) dua te te them se Homeri, erdhi ne ditet tona nepermjet kenges dhe jo shkrimit, (Iliada dhe Odisea u shkruan disa qindra vjete me vone vdekjes se Homerit).Pellazget jane nje realitet, por u shnderuan ne nje mit per qyteterimin e shkelqyer qe realizuan. Forca kolosale jetesore e tyre ka ardhur ne ditet tona para se gjithash prej shqiptareve (natyrisht dhe prej kombeve te tjere) qe kane shume emra si Alban, Arvanitas, Arber, Arben, Arnaut, Alvan, Arberesh etj qe po ti shpjegojme etimologjikisht jane absolutisht e njejta gje, por qe konfirmojne ne fund te fundit idiomat dhe dialektet e panumerta pellazge. Pavaresisht ne ishin frigo-pellazge, trako-pellazge, pellazge, tireno-pellazge, epiro-pellazge apo dhe hitite te gjithe ishin nje race, qe merrte emra te ndryshem, kur vitalizonte bashkesi te re, ne troje te caktuara.

Ne shqiptaret, e dime qe kombi yne eshte si germadhe e braktisur (Herder) tashme, por nuk mund te lejojme qe takemi juaj te hedh balte mbi keto rrenoja,per ti fshehur ato nga syte tane. Pikerisht nga keto rrenoja do te fillojme ringritjen, sepse kombi yne, rilind si Feniksi prej hirit te tij. Te pranosh qe ne jemi pasardhes te nje race te sterlashte (iliro-traket ishin vetem nje pjese e saj) nuk eshte me nje teze e guximshme dhe romantike . Argumentat jane te shumte dhe nuk eshte pune skepticizmi qe nuk pranohen nga ana juaj. Nese kjo teze do te pranohej ne gjithe Europen, do te ndodhte nje revolucion i vertete, i cili do te shembte ‘keshtjellat’ historike dhe fetare te europianeve, do te prishte ekujlibrat e padrejte politike dhe pse jo dhe ekonomike. Ju zoti A .V dhe katedra albanologjike e profesoreve, jeni viruset intelektuale, qe sulmoni me nje egersi te papare, per arsye te themi se paku te dyshimta, nje te kaluar qe siguron te ardhmen. Mitet nuk i krijojne studjuesit e palodhur e serioze, por ju anetaret e katedres albanologjike te nderuar tashme vetem prej ndonje shoqate te veteraneve te LANC.

Pse ju trembin pellazget ? Arsyeja eshte e thjeshte dhe ka nje pergjigje te habitshme. Qellimi juaj eshte qe te filtroni si kultura dhe raca krejtesisht te nd